A second influx of immigrants primarily from Java began in the early 20th century under the Dutch and continues in the Indonesian era, which has also caused a lot of controversy as the Transmigrant programs have done so and even thought to have led to the Maluku Riots. Though originally Melanesian, many island populations, especially in the Banda Islands, were massacred in the 17th century during the Dutch–Portuguese War, also known as the Spice War. Maluku province has a larger Christian population, and its capital is Ambon. North Maluku is predominantly Muslim, and its capital is Sofifi on Halmahera island. A new province, North Maluku, incorporates the area between Morotai and Sula, with the arc of islands from Buru and Seram to Wetar remaining within the existing Maluku Province. The Maluku Islands formed a single province from Indonesian independence until 1999, when it was split into two provinces. The islands were known as the Spice Islands because of the nutmeg, mace, and cloves that were exclusively found there, the presence of which sparked colonial interest from Europe in the 16th century. Lying within Wallacea (mostly east of the biogeographical Weber Line), the Moluccas have been considered as a geographical and cultural intersection of Asia and Oceania. Geographically they are located east of Sulawesi, west of New Guinea, and north and east of Timor. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. The Maluku Islands ( / m ə ˈ l uː k uː, m æ ˈ l uː k uː/ Indonesian: Kepulauan Maluku) or the Moluccas ( / m ə ˈ l ʌ k ə z/) are an archipelago in the eastern part of Indonesia.
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